Kamis, 12 Januari 2012

Slovenia scrambles to avoid economic crash


Zoran Jankovic shakes hands with a member of his Positive Slovenia party. He failed to win the backing of enough MPs to form a parliament. Photograph: Jure Makovec/AFP/Getty Images
Slovenia was on Thursday scrambling to convince international lenders that it can avoid following Hungary's footsteps, after the leader of the country's largest party failed to form a government.
MPs rejected the centre-left Zoran Jankovic as new prime minister, despite calls for a new government to deal with the country's increasing debt and threats of a further cut to its sovereign debt rating.
Slovenia, which was the first post-communist country to join the euro in 2007, was downgraded A1 from Aa3 in December by ratings agency Moody's. Officials fear that political uncertainty and reliance on exports to the EU will trigger a further downgrade and a steep rise in borrowing costs. The country is already being forced to borrow at rates above 7%.
Jankovic, whose Positive Slovenia party gained the most votes at a snap election in December, needed the support of at least 46 out of 90 parliamentary members but only managed to gain the support of 42.
The president and members of parliament now have up to 14 days to nominate new candidates with Janez Jansa, head of the centre-right Slovenian Democratic Party, the second strongest party in parliament, the most likely to win.
Michal Dybula, an economist at BNP Paribas in Warsaw, said: "The longer it takes, the bigger the risk to public finances, the current account, the financial channels and the real economy because of the absence of a government."
The risk for Slovenia is "a further widening of debt spreads and that financing costs, not only for the government but the whole economy, are going to continue to rise at a rapid pace".
German and Italian banks have a large presence in the country and encouraged a lending boom beforethe 2008 financial crash. Moody's believes a severe contraction in the activities of EU banks will hurt Slovenian growth prospects. The banking sector has total assets of about 136% of national GDP, emphasising its importance to the country's economic expansion.
In 2007, not long after it joined the euro, the European Central Bank warned Slovenia that a prolonged spending binge risked an economic crash.
The country, which has a population of 2 million, was badly hit by the global crisis and its economy shrank by 8% in 2009. After a mild recovery in 2010, recent data showed that another recession was possible, as the economy contracted by 0.5% in the third quarter of 2011.
Jansa, who was prime minister from 2004 to 2008, has pledged to cut the budget deficit, speed up privatisation and selectively raise the retirement age.
Slovenia's political crisis started in September, when parliament ousted the centre-left government of prime minister Borut Pahor over internal coalition squabbles and its inability to enforce reforms that would speed up economic growth.
All of the main credit agencies have cut Slovenia's ratings since September and put it on a negative watch. Fitch said last week that Slovenia needed to form a new government urgently and come up with a plan to narrow its budget deficit to maximise its chance of averting another rate cut.

Xbox assembly workers in China threaten mass suicide over jobs dispute

Foxconn Technology Group said it would close the production line for Microsoft Corp's Xbox 360 consoles at its plant in the central city of Wuhan.
Dozens of workers assembling Xbox video game consoles climbed to a factory dormitory roof, and some threatened to jump to their deaths, in a dispute over jobs that was defused but highlights growing labour unrest as China's economy slows.
The dispute boiled over last week after contract manufacturer Foxconn Technology Group said it would close the production line for Microsoft Corp's Xbox 360 consoles at its plant in the central city of Wuhan and transfer some workers to other jobs, workers and Foxconn said Thursday.
Workers reached by telephone said Foxconn initially offered severance pay for those that wanted to leave rather than be transferred, but then reneged, angering the workers; Foxconn, in a statement, said transfers were offered, not severance, and only to some workers.
The workers climbed to the top of the six-story dormitory on 3 January and threatened to jump before Wuhan city officials persuaded them to desist and return to work, according to the workers and accounts online. The workers gave varying estimates of the numbers involved in the strike, from 80 to 200, and photos posted online showed dozens of people crowding the roof of the boxy concrete building.
"Actually none of them were going to jump. They were there for the compensation. But the government and the company officials were just as afraid, because if even one of them jumped, the consequences would be hard to imagine," said Wang Jungang, an equipment engineer in the Xbox production line, who left the plant earlier this month.
The fracas is the latest labor trouble to hit Foxconn, a unit of Taiwan's Hon Hai Precision Industry Co that makes iPads and iPhones for Apple Inc as well as Xboxes and other gadgets, helping consumer electronics brands hold down costs. Its massive China plants are run with military-like discipline, which labour rights activists say contributed to spate of suicides in 2010.
Foxconn said that it offered transfers to some workers at current pay, without elaborating on what others were offered. It said that 150 demanded severance and not all of them participated in the rooftop protest. "It is our understanding that certain individuals threatened to jump from the building if their demands were not met," the statement said.
Strikes and other job actions have risen in recent months across China as factories cope with rising costs, scarce credit and declining orders from Europe, the United States and domestic companies. Complicating matters is the approaching Lunar New Year, a time when many of the migrant workers who man factories quit jobs to return home temporarily before looking for better paying employment.
Foxconn's Wuhan plant employs 32,000 people. The site previously had suicides or attempted ones a couple years back, prompting the government to take over the operations of the dormitories, said Wang, the equipment engineer.
After the rooftop protest, Microsoft said in a statement that it investigated, finding that the dispute centered on Foxconn's staffing and transfer policies, not working conditions. "After the protest, the majority of workers chose to return to work. A smaller portion of those employees elected to resign," the statement said.
Ultimately, Foxconn said, 45 of the employees resigned from the company while the rest chose to stay. It did not say whether the resigning workers were given compensation. Wang, the engineer, said he received $4,700 (30,000 yuan) in compensation but that was because his supervisor helped him.

Phobos-Grunt Mars probe will crash to Earth on Sunday


The Phobos-Grunt spacecraft's current flightpath will bring it down somewhere between 51.4 degrees north and south of the equator. Photograph: Ho/Reuters
A defunct Russian spacecraft is due to re-enter the atmosphere sometime after midday (GMT) on Sunday, say scientists who are watching its orbit closely.
They cannot predict precisely where it will hit the Earth, but say the most likely scenario is that it will splash down in the ocean. However, most of the world's major cities, including London and New York, are potentially in the firing line.
At a briefing at the Science Media Centre in London on Thursday, Richard Crowther, chief engineer at the UK Space Agency, said he was not unduly concerned by the return of the Phobos-Grunt spacecraft.
"It certainly doesn't keep me awake at night worrying about the possibility of space debris coming through my roof," he said. "If you look at the Earth from space, it's mostly water. If you look at the land masses, most of the populations are concentrated around the coasts or in certain regions.
"It's no surprise that we don't see these re-entries occurring, even though they occur on a daily basis, because it happens mostly in the oceans or at night-time or under clouds."
The spacecraft's current flightpath will bring it down somewhere between 51.4° north and south of the equator – south of the latitude of Watford in the UK and Calgary in Canada, and north of the Falkland Islands.
It is the largest planetary rocket ever built by the Russian space agency, Roscosmos, and was intended to land on the Martian moon Phobos and bring samples back to Earth. The mission also included a Chinese-built orbiter and containers of bacteria to test their survival in space.
But the spacecraft's rocket boosters failed to ignite after it had been launched into a parking orbit around the Earth in November. Despite repeated attempts to contact it from the ground, Phobos-Grunt remained stuck in orbit and the Russian authorities decided to abandon the mission.
"What went wrong? That's still under investigation by the Russian authorities but, clearly, the upper stage didn't fire," said Crowther, who is also head of the UK delegations to the Inter-Agency Space Debris Co-ordination Committee and the United Nations Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. "Because of the setup, there was no opportunity to communicate with the vehicle and try and fire it from the ground."
Any parts that do not burn up during re-entry will most likely land in the sea. To predict exactly where, scientists need to know when the probe starts to make its final descent into the Earth's atmosphere. "Because we're going through the very tenuous rarefied parts of the atmosphere, you can see orders of magnitude changes in density occurring over a short period of time, unpredictably," said Crowther. "That will dictate the lifetime of the orbit. Even on the last orbit, which takes 90 minutes to complete, the uncertainty is still plus or minus nine minutes."
The probe will be travelling at 8km/s during this final orbit of the Earth, so the uncertainty in pinpointing the exact location of the landing is 4,300km.
Last week, officials at the Russian space agency said that up to 30 fragments, weighing a total of 200kg, might reach the Earth's surface. The 10 tonnes of fuel and oxidiser are likely to burn up on re-entry or be vented into space as the probe's orbit decays.
The parts most likely to survive include the cone-shaped sample-return capsule, which is protected with a heat shield – though even that is uncertain. "[It] is designed to return to atmosphere and survive re-entry on its own. If it comes in on this complex with things going on around it, it's not going to see clean air and it's very likely that it will also be destroyed," said Crowther.
If any parts of the probe cause damage to people or property on the ground, which Crowther said was highly unlikely, any costs would have to be met by the Russian government, according to United Nations conventions. If any parts of the probe landed in the UK, the UK government would be obliged to pay for its return to Russia.
There are no confirmed injuries from man-made space debris falling to Earth in the past and no record of significant property damage from a falling satellite.
Crowther said that the return of satellites and space probes to Earth would be discussed at a forthcoming UN meeting on space debris. Space engineers believe the design of objects being launched into Earth orbit needs to take account of re-entry. "Up until now we've been designing our spacecraft to be as robust as possible to survive what is a very hazardous environment in space," said Crowther. "We need to consider the design of our spacecraft so that they do break up and disintegrate and don't pose a hazard on the ground should they come back in an uncontrolled manner."
In September a Nasa vehicle called the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) splashed down in the Pacific Ocean, despite speculation that it could hit an inhabited region.

What is the ruling on hanging up aayaat for protection?

IS it proper to hang Quranic verses from the wall to
1. protect one from evil things
2. beautify the room with divine words
3. with the intention that it will gain me rewards
May allah rewad u.

Praise be to Allaah.
The ruling on placing the Mus-haf (copy of the Qur’aan) in cars to ward off the evil eye and for protection from danger is a bid’ah. The Sahaabah (may Allaah be pleased with them) never carried the Mus-haf to ward off danger or the evil eye. If it is bid’ah, then we should remember that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Every bid’ah is a going-astray and every going-astray will lead to Hell.” (Telephone conversation with Shaykh Muhammad ibn Saalih al-‘Uthaymeen) (al-Bida’ wa’l-Muhdathaat wa maa laa aslun lahu, p. 259).
Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him) was also asked the following question: “Some people hang up aayaat of the Qur’aan and ahaadeeth of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in the rooms of their homes or in restaurants or offices. In some hospitals and doctors’ offices they hang the aayah (interpretation of the meaning): “And when I am ill, it is He Who cures me” [al-Shu’ara’ 26:80], and so on. Is this considered to be the use of amulets which is forbidden in sharee’ah, knowing that the intention behind it is to seek blessings and ward off the shayaateen, or to remind the forgetful and warn the negligent? Is it like using amulets to put the Mus-haf in one's car in order to seek blessings?”
His Eminence replied as follows:
“If the intention is as described, to remind people and teach them something beneficial, then there is no harm in that. But if they believe that it is a protection against the shayaateen or jinn, then I know of no basis for this. By the same token, there is no basis for putting the Mus-haf in one's car to protect it, and doing so is not allowed, but if a person puts it in his car so that he can read it sometimes or so that some of his passengers can read it, then this is good and there is nothing wrong with it. And Allaah is the Source of strength.

Evidence that the Qur'aan is the Word of Allaah

My peace and blessing of Allah be upon you I am writting in hope that you will be able to help me dissolve my dilema. I am a practicing muslim woman ( 20 years old). I 'v moved to XXX 5 years ago.   My parents were never praticing muslims, but i've been thought about Islam from my grandmother.  
I've always been a believer in Allah . Until recently I did not know how to perform prayers, however I decided that there is nobody here to teach me so I had to do it myself.  
With the help of Allah I learned how to perform them, also I started wearing hijab. The problem I am writing with is that I've been seeing this guy with whom I feel in love with. Unfortunately he is not a muslim, but also he does not belong in any faith. He does believe in God I've been trying to convince him to join Islam and become part of the only true religion, otherwise I cannot marry him. ( we've been together for 3 years). What I cannot convince him is that Muhammad ( pbuh) is the messenger of Allah. He keeps asking me questions like " How do you know that this is a word of God?, What if Muhammad just made it up as if it is a word from God.Please tell me how to convince him that Qur'an is a true word from none other but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger. Please help He keeps saying that if we were to get married he would not have a problem with me continuing to practice my religion. He is quite proud of me for starting to wear hijab in society where it is not common.( I might be one of the only people waaring hijab in this town, the beliefe in Allah gave me the strenght to do it)I know that he would not have a problem with me practicing my faith, but I would still like him to be a muslim. Even though he is a great person and does not do anything bad.   It really hurts when I think that we cannot be together.  Is it a major sin for me to get married to him? There is a lot of people who do it. Especially when there is no muslims around where I alive at all. There is a lot of muslim women that do it. Would I be terribly punished if I were to do marry him?

Praise be to Allaah.  
Praise be to Allaah Who has made good dear to you; we ask Him to increase you in guidance and faith, and to guide your parents to practise Islam and adhere to its rulings. 
With regard to the Quraan and the proof that it is the word of Allaah, these are specious arguments which were put forward out of stubbornness and arrogance by the first kaafirs to whom the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was sent. Allaah refuted what they said in many ways, proving their words to be false and pointing out what was wrong with it. For example: 
1- This Quraan is challenge from Allaah to mankind and the jinn to produce anything like it, but they were unable to. Then He challenged them to produce only ten soorahs like it, and they were unable to. Then He challenged them to produce something like the shortest soorah in the Quraan, and they could not do it, even though those who were being challenged were the most eloquent and well-spoken of mankind, and the Quraan was revealed in their language. Yet despite that they stated that they were completely incapable of doing that. This challenge has remained down throughout history, but not one person has been able to produce anything like it. If this were the word of a human being, some people would have been able to produce something like it or close to it. There is a great deal of evidence for this challenge in the Quraan, for example, the aayah (interpretation of the meaning): 
Say: If the mankind and the jinn were together to produce the like of this Quraan, they could not produce the like thereof, even if they helped one another ;
[al-Israa 17:88] 
Allaah says, challenging them to produce just ten soorahs: 
Or they say, He (Prophet Muhammad) forged it (the Quraan). Say: Bring you then ten forged Soorah (chapters) like unto it, and call whomsoever you can, other than Allaah (to your help), if you speak the truth!
[Hood 11:13 interpretation of the meaning] 
Allaah says, challenging them to produce just one soorah: 
And if you (Arab pagans, Jews, and Christians) are in doubt concerning that which We have sent down (i.e. the Quraan) to Our slave (Muhammad), then produce a Soorah (chapter) of the like thereof and call your witnesses (supporters and helpers) besides Allaah, if you are truthful
[al-Baqarah 2:23 interpretation of the meaning] 
 
2- No matter how much knowledge and understanding mankind attains, they will still inevitably make mistakes, forget things or fall short. If the Quraan were not the word of Allaah, there would be some contradictions and shortcomings in it, as Allaah says: 
Had it been from other than Allaah, they would surely, have found therein many a contradiction
[al-Nisa 4:82 interpretation of the meaning] 
But it is free from any shortcoming, error or contradiction; indeed, all of it is wisdom, mercy and justice. Whoever thinks that there is any contradiction in it, that is because of his diseased thinking and mistaken understanding; if he refers to the scholars they will explain to him what is correct and clear up the confusion for him, as Allaah says: 
Verily, those who disbelieved in the Reminder (i.e. the Quraan) when it came to them (shall receive the punishment). And verily, it is an honourable well fortified respected Book (because it is Allaahs Speech, and He has protected it from corruption).
Falsehood cannot come to it from before it or behind it, (it is) sent down by the All Wise, Worthy of all praise (Allaah)”
[Fussilat 41:41-42 interpretation of the meaning] 
 
3- Allaah has guaranteed to preserve this Quraan, and He says: 
Verily, We, it is We Who have sent down the Dhikr (i.e. the Quraan) and surely, We will guard it (from corruption)”
[al-Hijr 15:9 interpretation of the meaning] 
Every letter of it was transmitted by thousands from thousands down throughout history, and not one letter of it was altered. If any person tried to alter anything in it, or add something or take something away, then he would be exposed straight away, because Allaah is the One Who has guaranteed to preserve the Quraan, unlike the case with other divinely-revealed Books which Allaah revealed to the people of a particular Prophet only, and not to all of mankind, so He did not guarantee to preserve them, rather He delegated their preservation to the followers of the Prophets. But they did not preserve them, rather they introduced alterations and changes which distorted most of the meanings. The Quraan, on the other hand, was revealed by Allaah to all of mankind until the end of time, because the Message of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is the final message, so the Quraan is preserved in mens hearts and in written form, as is proven by the events of history. How many people have tried to change the aayahs of the Quraan and deceive the Muslims, but they were quickly exposed and their falsehood was discovered, even by Muslim children. 
Another of the definitive signs that this Quraan was not produced by the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) but that it came revealed by Allaah to him is the following: 
4- The great miracles which the Quraan contains of legislation, rulings, stories and beliefs, which could not be produced by any created being no matter how great his intelligence and level of understanding. No matter how hard people try to promulgate laws to regulate their lives, they can never succeed so long as they are far away from the teachings of the Quraan; the further away they are, the greater their rate of failure. This is something that has been proven by the kuffaar themselves.  
5- Reports of matters of the unseen, both past and future, which no human being could speak of independently, no matter how great his knowledge, especially at that time which is regarded as primitive in terms of technology and modern tools. There are many things which had not been discovered yet, and which have only been discovered after lengthy and difficult exploration with the most modern equipment, but Allaah told us about them in the Quraan, and the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) mentioned them, fifteen centuries ago, such as the stages of embryonic development, the nature of the oceans, etc. These things have made some kaafirs state that this could only have come from God, as in the case of the development of the embryo: 
Only 60 years ago, researchers confirmed that man does not come into existence all at once, but rather he passes through stages of development one after another. Only 60 years ago, science discovered this one Quraanic fact. 
Shaykh al-Zandaani said, we met an American professor, one of the greatest American scientists, whose name was Professor Marshall Johnson, and we told him that it says in the Qur’aan that man is created in stages. When he heard this, he was sitting down, but he stood up and said, Stages? We said, That was in the seventh century CE! This Book came and said, man was created in stages. He said, That is impossible, impossible We told him, Why do you say that? This Book says (interpretation of the meaning):  
He creates you in the wombs of your mothers, creation after creation in three veils of darkness
[al-Zumar 39:6] 
What is the matter with you, that [you fear not Allaah (His punishment), and] you hope not for reward (from Allaah or you believe not in His Oneness).
While He has created you in (different) stages
[Nooh 71:14] 
Then he sat back down on his chair and after a few moments he said, There are only three possibilities. The first is that Muhammad had a huge microscope through which he managed to study these things and he knew things that the people did not know, and he said these things. The second is that this happened by accident, it was a coincidence. The third is that he was a Messenger from God. We said, With regard to the first idea, that he had a microscope and other equipment, you know that a microscope needs lenses, and lenses need glass and technical expertise and other equipment. Some of this information can only be discovered with an electron microscope which needs electricity, and electricity needs knowledge which should have been acquired by an earlier generation. It is not possible for this knowledge to have been acquired all at once in a single generation; the previous generation would have had to strive hard in developing science and transmitting it to the next generation, and so on. But for this to be the work of one man, with no one coming before him or after him, either in his own land or the neighbouring lands for the Romans, Persians and Arabs were ignorant and had no such equipment for one man to have all these instruments and tools which he did not pass on to anyone else this is not possible. He said, Thats right, it would be very difficult. We said, And for it to have been an accident or coincidence, what would you think if we said that the Quraan did not mention this fact only in one verse but in several verses, and that it did not refer to it in general terms but that it gave details of every stage, saying that in the first stage such and such happens, in the second stage such and such happens, in the third stage and so on. Could that be a coincidence? When we explained to him all the details of those stages, he said, It is wrong to say that this is an accident! This is well-founded knowledge. We said, Then how do you explain it? He said, There is no explanation except that this is revelation from above! nbsp;
With regard to the many statements in the Quraan concerning the sea, some of these facts were not discovered until very recently, and many of them are still unknown. For example, these facts were discovered after hundreds of marine stations had been set up, and after images had been taken by satellites. The one who said this was Professor Schroeder, one of the greatest oceanographers in West Germany. He used to say that if science advanced, religion would have to retreat. But when he heard the translation of the verses of the Quraan, he was stunned and said, These could not be the words of a human being.   And Professor Dorjaro, a professor of oceanography, told us of the latest developments on science, when he heard the aayah: 
Or (the state of a disbeliever) is like the darkness in a vast deep sea, overwhelmed with waves topped by waves, topped by dark clouds, (layers of) darkness upon darkness: if a man stretches out his hand, he can hardly see it! And he for whom Allaah has not appointed light, for him there is no light
[al-Noor 24:40 interpretation of the meaning] 
He said, In the past, man could not dive to a depth of more than twenty meters because he had no special equipment. But now we can dive to the bottom of the ocean, using modern equipment, and we find intense darkness at a depth of two hundred meters. The aayah says a vast deep sea . The discoveries in the depths of the sea give us an understanding of the aayah, (layers of) darkness upon darkness. It is known that there are seven colours in the spectrum, including red, yellow, blue, green, orange, etc. When we dive down into the depths of the ocean, these colours disappear one after another, and the disappearance of each colour results in more darkness. Red disappears first, then orange, then yellow the last colour to disappear is blue, at a depth of two hundred meters. Each colour that disappears adds to the darkness until it reaches total darkness.  With regard to the phrase waves topped by waves, it has been proven scientifically that there is a separation between the upper and lower parts of the ocean, and that this separation is filled with waves, as if there are waves on the edge of the dark, lower portion of the sea, which we do not see, and there are waves on the shores of the sea, which we do see. So it is as if there are waves above waves. This is a confirmed scientific fact, hence Professor Dorjaro said concerning these Quraanic verses, that this cannot be human knowledge. 
(See al-Adillah al-Maadiyyah ala Wujood-Allaah by Muhammad Mitwalli al-Sharaawi) 
And there are very many such examples 
6- In the Quraan there are some aayahs which rebuke the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and mention some things to which Allaah drew his attention. Some of them may have been embarrassing for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). But if this Quraan had come from the Messenger of Allaah, there would have been no need for this; if he were to conceal any part of the Quraan, he would have concealed some of these verses which contained rebukes or drew his attention to certain matters which he should not have done, such as the verse in which Allaah says to His Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): 
But you did hide in yourself (i.e. what Allaah has already made known to you that He will give her to you in marriage) that which Allaah will make manifest, you did fear the people (i.e., their saying that Muhammad married the divorced wife of his manumitted slave) whereas Allaah had a better right that you should fear Him
[al-Ahzaab 33:37 interpretation of the meaning] 
After this, can there be any doubt left in the mind of any intelligent person that this Quraan is the word of Allaah, and that the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) conveyed that which was revealed to him in full? 
Moreover, we tell this person, try it for yourself, read a sound translation of the Quraan and use your mind to ponder these rules and regulations. There is no doubt that any intelligent person who has the power of discernment will see a great difference between these words (of Allaah) and the words of any person on the face of the earth. 
With regard to your relationship with this young man, this noble religion forbids women to mix with men for a great and wise reason. So you have to stop meeting him and break off your relationship with him until he becomes Muslim, in which case you can marry him in a proper Islamic marriage. In the answer to Question no. 1200 you will find an explanation of the rulings on a Muslim woman mixing with non-mahram men. 
With regard to your love for him, this is a test from Allaah will you put your love of Allaah before your love for one of His creation, or will you put your love for this person before the love of your almighty Lord Who has forbidden such things. Note that whoever gives up something for the sake of Allaah, Allaah will compensate him with something better than that, the first of which is that you will find, in sha Allah, that Allaah will compensate you with comfort and tranquility in loving Him and striving to draw closer to Allaah by means of that which He loves; so your love for your Lord and your attachment to Him will increase, and  your attachment to all of His creation will become weaker. In the answer to Question no. 10254 you will find some solutions to this problem. 
With regard to the ruling on a Muslim woman marrying a kaafir man, this is haraam according to scholarly consensus, indeed it is one of the major immoral actions which Allaah has forbidden in the Quraan. In the answer to Question no. 8396 and 1825 you will find a detailed response to this question. 
We advise you to be patient and to put up with difficulties, and to keep far away from everything that may cause you to do things that would anger your Lord. Note that Allaah has made this world a place of trial and testing for His believing slaves; whoever is patient and refrains from following his desries, seeking the pleasure of Allaah, Allaah will compensate him with Paradise where He will bestow upon him all kinds of delight which cannot be compared with the fleeting worldly pleasures that he sacrificed. This is in addition to the happiness and tranquility that he will find in his heart when he obeys his Lord. 
Perhaps if he sees how you adhere to your religion and avoid meeting him and sitting with him despite your love for him, he will come to realize the greatness of this religion which makes its followers prepared to sacrifice all that they love in order to please their Lord, and that they hope for a great reward from their Lord for their patience in obeying Him and keeping away from that which He has forbidden and perhaps that will be the cause of his becoming Muslim. 
We ask Allaah to guide him to Islam, and to make goodness easy for you, and to keep all evil away from you Ameen.

Should Taraweeh prayer be offered individually or in congregation? Is completing the Qur’aan in Ramadaan bid’ah?

I have heard from some people that it is recommended to pray taraweeh indivually as the prophet preyed it individually except 3 times, is this true? I also heard that it is a bid'ah to recite the whole Quran during taraweeh in ramadan as the prophet never did this, is this true.

Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly: 
It is prescribed to offer the night prayers in Ramadaan in congregation or individually, but it is better to do it in congregation than to do it individually. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) led his companions in offering these prayers in congregation on several nights. 
It is proven in al-Saheehayn that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) led his companions in prayer (Taraweeh) for several nights, then on the third or fourth night he did not come out to them. When morning came he said: “Nothing prevented me from coming out to you except the fact that I feared that it would be made obligatory for you.” 
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 1129. According to the version narrated by Muslim (761): “But I feared that night prayers would be made obligatory for you and you would not be able to do them.” 
Offering Taraweeh prayer in congregation is something that is established by the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) stated the reason why he did not persist in offering this prayer in congregation, which is that he feared that it might be made obligatory. This reason cased to be applicable after the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) died, because when he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) died, the wahy (revelation) ceased and there was no longer any worry that it might be made obligatory. Once the reason, which was the fear of it being made obligatory, disappeared with the cessation of the wahy, then the fact that it is Sunnah to offer this prayer in congregation resumed.  
See al-Sharh al-Mumti’ by Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, 4/78. 
Imam Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: 
This indicates that praying qiyaam in Ramadaan is one of the Sunnahs of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and is recommended and encouraged. It was not introduced by ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab, rather he revived something that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) loved and approved of. Nothing stopped him from doing it regularly except the fear that it might be made obligatory upon his ummah. He (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was kind and compassionate towards his ummah. ‘Umar knew from the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) that the obligatory duties would not be increased or decreased after his death (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), so he revived this practice and enjoined it upon the people. That happened in 14 AH, and ‘Umar has the honour of being the one who revived this Sunnah.  
Al-Tamheed, 8/108, 109 
After the death of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), the Sahaabah (may Allaah be pleased with them) prayed Taraweeh in small groups and individually, until ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) united them behind a single imam. 
It was narrated that ‘Abd al-Rahmaan ibn ‘Abd al-Qaari’ said: I went out with ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab (may Allaah be pleased with him) one night in Ramadaan to the mosque, and the people were scattered, with one man praying by himself and another with a group of men following his prayer. ‘Umar said: “I think that if I gather them behind one reader, it will be better.” Then he decided to unite them behind Ubayy ibn Ka’b. Then I went out with him on another night, and the people were praying behind their reader. ‘Umar said: “What a good innovation this is. But the prayer that they forget about and sleep is better than the one they are offering.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 1906. 
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah said, when refuting the view of those who quoted ‘Umar’s words “What a good innovation this is” as meaning that innovation (bid’ah) is permissible: 
With regard to qiyaam in Ramadaan, the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) introduced this to his ummah, and he led them in prayer for a number of nights, because at his time they used to pray in congregation and individually. But he did not persist in leading them in one congregation, lest that be made obligatory for them. When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) died, sharee’ah was established (and would not change after that). When ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) became caliph, he united them behind one imam, Ubayy ibn Ka’b, who united the people in one congregation on the orders of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab (may Allaah be pleased with him). ‘Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) was one of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs, of whom the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “I urge you to adhere to my Sunnah and the way of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs after me; cling tightly to it.” So what he did was Sunnah but he said, “What a good innovation this is,” because it was an innovation in the linguistic sense, as they were doing something that they had not done during the life of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), i.e., gathering to do this, but it is Sunnah in the shar’i sense.”  
Majmoo’ al-Fataawa, 22/234, 235 
For more information, please see question no. 21740 and 45781 
Secondly: 
Completing the Qur’aan in Ramadaan, whether during prayer or outside prayer, is something that is praiseworthy. Jibreel (peace be upon him) used to review the Qur’aan with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) every Ramadaan, and in the Prophet’s last year he reviewed it with him twice. 
We have discussed this in the answer to question no. 66504. 
And Allaah knows best.

Is there any du’aa’ in the Sunnah for after one has completed the Qur’aan?

I hope that you can send me the du’aa’ for completing the Qur'aan as narrated in the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).

Praise be to Allaah.
There is no specific du’aa’ narrated in the Sunnah for after one has completed the Qur’aan, or even from the companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) or the well-known imams. One of the most well-known du’aa’s regarding this matter is the du’aa’ which is written at the end of many Mus-hafs and it attributed to Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him), but there is no basis for attributing it to him. See Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, 14/226. 
The du’aa’ after completing the Qur’aan is recited either after completing it whilst praying, or when not praying. There is no basis for reciting any du’aa’ after completing it whilst praying. As for reciting a du’aa’ after completing it when not praying, it is narrated that Anas (may Allaah be pleased with him) did that. 
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked: What is the ruling on making du’aa’ after completing the Qur’aan in night prayers in Ramadaan?  
He replied: 
I do not know of any du’aa’ for completing the Qur’aan in night prayers in Ramadaan, either from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) or from his companions. The most that has been narrated concerning that is that when Anas ibn Maalik (may Allaah have mercy on him) had completed a reading of the Qur’aan, he would gather his family and make du’aa’. This had to do with reading it outside of prayer. End quote. 
Fataawa Arkaan al-Islam, p. 354 
Shaykh Bakr Abu Zayd wrote a useful essay on this issue, at the end of which he said: 
From the quotations in the two previous sections we may draw the following conclusion: 
1 – Du’aa’ upon completion of the Qur’aan in general: 
The conclusion concerning this is as follows: 
Firstly: 
What we have stated above has to do with du’aa’ upon completion of the Qur’aan in general. 
There is no proof that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did that, rather the reports are either mawdoo’ (fabricated) or are da’eef (weak) with no other reports to strengthen them. It is almost certain that there are no marfoo’ reports concerning this matter that can be relied upon, because the scholars who wrote comprehensively about the sciences of the Qur’aan and the dhikrs to be recited in connection with the Qur’aan, such as al-Nawawi, Ibn Katheer, al-Qurtubi and al-Suyooti, did not narrate anything other than what we have referred to above. If they had known of any reports with stronger isnaads, they would have quoted them.
Secondly: 
There is a saheeh report that Anas ibn Maalik (may Allaah be pleased with him) said du’aa’ when he completed the Qur’aan, and he would gather his family and children for that, and that a number of the Taabi’een followed him in that, as mentioned in the report of Mujaahid ibn Jabr (may Allaah have mercy on them all). 
Thirdly: 
There is no suggestion in the texts of Imam Abu Haneefah and Imam al-Shaafa’i (may Allaah have mercy on them) that this is Islamically prescribed. 
What is narrated from Imam Maalik (may Allaah have mercy on him) is that this is not something that the people did, and that completing the Qur’aan in night prayers in Ramadaan is not Sunnah. 
Fourthly: 
The view that it is mustahabb to make du’aa’ after completing the Qur’aan is what is narrated from Imam Ahmad (may Allaah have mercy on him), as our Hanbali scholars narrated from him, and as was affirmed by some later scholars of the other three madhhabs. 
2 – Du’aa’ following completion of the Qur’aan in prayer 
This may be summed up as follows:  
Firstly: 
From what is quoted above, there is no one letter from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) or from one of his companions (may Allaah be pleased with them) to indicate that it is Islamically prescribed to recite this du’aa’ in prayer after completing the Qur’aan, before or after bowing, whether that is done by an imam or by one who is praying alone. 
Secondly: 
The closest we can find on this matter is what was quoted by the scholars of our madhhab from the report from Imam Ahmad (may Allaah have mercy on him), according to the report of Hanbal, al-Fadl and al-Harbi, the isnaad of which we cannot find, about saying the du’aa’ for completing the Qur’aan in Taraweeh prayer before bowing. 
According to another report narrated from him – the source of which is not known – he allowed it in the du’aa’ of Witr. 
See Marwiyaat Du’aa’ Khatm al-Qur’aan. 
See also the answer to question no. 12949 
And Allaah knows best.